The innate response's job is to assess the threat and determine how best to handle it. When it has a firm grasp on the situation, and if it can't deal with the threat itself, the innate response ...

We sometimes hear about the benefits of “boosting” our immune system, but what we really want to do is support our immune system on an ongoing basis. People often think of the immune system as ...

Unlike transient innate immune activation, trained immunity is characterized by long-lasting but reversible functional reprogramming of monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and ...

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains the leading immunological cause of kidney allograft loss, yet its humoral origins are incompletely understood.

Dozens of new discoveries reveal that defenses evolved by bacteria and viruses billions of years ago still define our own innate immune system. Evolutionary arms races — where one species is pitted ...