Ancient fossils show how much warming tropical oceans can handle before plankton collapse, offering clues about future ...

New research sheds light on a massive prehistoric sea lizard that once held unmatched control over ancient oceans. Fossils reveal a predator engineered for speed, precision, and overwhelming strength.

Examples of fossil lower beaks of squids from the Late Cretaceous discovered in this study. Scalebar: 1mm. Credit: Ikegami et al., Science, June 26, 2025 Squids first appeared about 100 million years ...

Scientists studying ancient ocean fossils found that the Arabian Sea was better oxygenated 16 million years ago, even though the planet was warmer than today. Oxygen levels only plunged millions of ...

Ancient forests may have fueled a deep-sea oxygen boost nearly 390 million years ago, unlocking evolutionary opportunities for jawed fish and larger marine animals. New isotopic evidence shows that ...

Mass extinction events throughout Earth’s history are characterized as significant disruptions to life on the planet. There have been five major extinction events that have fundamentally changed how ...