In 1260, the Mongols were at the height of their power. At this moment, a large Mongol army swept into Syria ready to crush the forces of the Mamluk Sultan Qutuz. In defiance, the Mamluk Sultan ...

"For sixty years, from 1260 to 1323, the Mamluk state in Egypt and Syria was at war with the Ilkhanid Mongols based in Persia. This is the first comprehensive study of the political and military ...

The Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517) -- Pious patronage -- Motivation and perception of monumental patronage -- The patronage of the civilian elite -- Ceremonial culture -- Treasures, status and style -- ...