WASHINGTON—President Trump plans to sign an executive order on Monday escalating his battle against Democratic-led states and cities that don’t fully cooperate with federal immigration authorities, a key barrier to the mass deportations he has promised.

The federal government will develop a list of sanctuary jurisdictions that would likely include Massachusetts and Boston, potentially threatening their access to federal funds.

The order, she said, will direct the Attorney General and Secretary of Homeland Security to publish a list of state and local jurisdictions that “obstruct the enforcement of federal immigration laws.”