Abstract: The Volterra series transfer function (VSTF), in which the input-output relationship of a nonlinear system is represented by a series of nonlinear kernel functions, is an elegant tool to ...

Abstract: Nowadays, problems such as greenhouse effect and air pollution become increasingly prominent. The power generation process should pay attention to the fuel cost and reduce the pollution to ...

Trigonometric ratios are used to find the unknown side or angle of a right-angled triangle. There are three different trigonometric ratios, \(\sin(\theta), \cos(\theta)\), and \(\tan (\theta)\). Each ...

In the study of circular functions, the unit circle plays a central role in linking angles with trigonometric values. By defining sine, cosine, and tangent in terms of coordinates on a circle of ...

This is an example of an exponential graph in the form \(y = k^x\). Graphs in the form of \(y = k^x\) increase in value.