CIVICUS speaks with Claude Iguma, a mining governance expert with a PhD in Social Sciences, who is based in Bukavu, South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

In the north of Mozambique, Al-Shabaab have waged a brutal insurgency since 2017, leading to beheadings, rapes, and burned villages, even as recent as reports dated 2024. The fight over liquified ...